HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45)

For other ships of the same name, see HMAS Jervis Bay.

For her post-RAN service, see HSC Condor Rapide.

HMAS Jervis Bay in 2000
Career (Australia (RAN))
Namesake:	Jervis Bay
Builder:	Incat, Tasmania
Launched:	November 1997
Commissioned:	10 June 1999
Decommissioned:	11 May 2001
Motto:	"Strive Valiantly"
Nickname:	Dili Express
Honours and awards:	Battle honours: East Timor 1999-2000
Status:	Returned to civilian service
Badge:
General characteristics in military service
Type:	Wave-piercing catamaran
Displacement:	1,250 tons
Length:	86.62 metres (284.2 ft)
Beam:	26 metres (85 ft)
Draught:	3.6 metres (12 ft)
Propulsion:	4 x Caterpillar 3618 diesels, 7,200 kW; 4 x KaMeWa 112 S11 waterjets
Speed:	48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph)
Range:	1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi)
Troops:	500 soldiers, plus equipment and light vehicles
Complement:	20
Armament:	2 x 7.6-millimetre (0.30 in) guns

HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45) was a wave piercing catamaran that operated in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN)

Built by Incat in Tasmania and launched in 1997 as Incat 045, the ship was charted to TT-Line as Tascat to supplement cross-Bass Strait services until the company acquired new ships. The catamaran remained laid up until 1999, when she was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy as a troop and equipment transport, becoming the first large catamaran to enter naval service. Jervis Bay operated in support of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce until May 2001, when she was decommissioned and returned to the builder.

In 2002, the ferry was sent to Europe, operating briefly in the Mediterrranean before being chartered by Speed Ferries for a cross-English Channel ferry service as HSC SpeedOne. She is now owned by Condor Ferries and is named HSC Condor Rapide.

Construction

The ship was laid down as Incat 045 in 1997, at Incat's shipyards in Hobart, Tasmania. She was launched in November 1997. The catamaran had not been ordered by any company.

Four Caterpillar 3618 diesels, providing 7,800 kilowatts of power, propel the catamaran at speeds of up to 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph).

Operational history

TT-Line

The ship's first period of service was on charter to TT-Line, for service between Melbourne, Victoria and Devonport, Tasmania. Named Tascat, the ship ran in conjunction with the first Spirit of Tasmania until the new ferries Spirit of Tasmania I and Spirit of Tasmania II entered service, at which point she was laid up.

RAN

After an increase in instability in nations near Australia, the Australian Defence Force sought to upgrade a second brigade-size group to activation on short notice. Delays in refitting the two Kanimbla class vessels acquired from the United States Navy several years earlier meant that the RAN's sealift capability had to be supplemented in order to support two brigades. The RAN sought a large, high-speed catamaran from either Incat or Australian Ships (later named Austal): both companies had vessels available, but only Incat was able to provide a ship before June 1999. A two-year bareboat charter was signed for Incat 045 in May 1999, and the vessel was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS Jervis Bay on 10^{[citation needed]} June 1999.

For military service, the catamaran was modified with enlarged fuel tanks to extend her range to 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) and additional air conditioning units to improve equipment operational reliability in tropical climates. Sections of the vehicle deck were reinforced to support up to nine tons of weight per axle, allowing the vessel to transport most Australian Army vehicles. The catamaran's vehicle ramp was modified so it could be self-deployed, instead of requiring dock facilities. After modification, Jervis Bay could transport 500 troops, plus their equipment, supplies, and vehicles. In order to maintain a high operational tempo without personnel fatigue or burnout, two ships' companies of 20 (including 5 Army personnel responsible for the embarkment, storage, and disbarkment of Army personnel and equipment) were established; a practice later used by the RAN on patrol boats and survey ships. Because Jervis Bay was designed for short-haul voyages, crew and passenger facilities were limited: little potable water was carried, cooking facilities were minimal, and there were no sleeping facilities for the crew. Later modifications included the installation of additional water tanks, and the fitting of 20 bunks.

Based in Darwin after commissioning, Jervis Bay was in a fortuitous position to respond to the 1999 East Timorese crisis, and was used to provide logistic support to the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce. The catamaran was the first RAN ship to reach Dili; deploying Australian soldiers to secure the area. Jervis Bay was then used to transport soldiers and equipment between Darwin and Dili: she was capable of sailing the 430 nautical miles (800 km; 490 mi) at an average speed of approximately 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph), The catamaran was also used to transport humanitarian aid, and relocate displaced persons.

During the two years of the ship's charter by the RAN, Jervis Bay made 107 trips between Darwin and East Timor, shipping 20,000 passengers, 430 vehicles and 5,600 tonnes of freight, becoming known as the "Dili Express".^{[citation needed]} The total cost of hiring Jervis Bay was AU$16 million. In March 2010, the ship was retroactively awarded the battle honour "East Timor 1999-2000".

The successful use of a catamaran in military logistics operations led to the acquisition of three Incat catamarans by the United States military (Joint Venture (Incat 050), Spearhead (060), and Swift (061)) and prompted the development of the Independence class littoral combat ships as trimarans.

Decommissioning and post-RAN operations

SpeedOne in Dover

Jervis Bay was decommissioned on 11 May 2001, and was not returned to Incat until 2002, when she was chartered to Italian ferry company TRIS and named Winner. She operated between Genoa and Palau in Italy, until the company's collapse later that year. She was laid up again until 2004, until purchased by United Kingdom cross-channel operator SpeedFerries and renamed HSC SpeedOne. On 26 March 2010, it was announced that the ferry had been acquired by Condor Ferries, and would enter service in late May under the name Condor Rapide.

References

• Hasik, James (2008). Arms and Innovation: Entrepreneurship and Alliances in the Twenty-First Century Defence Industry. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226318868. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7gqpUdGxymkC. 
• Morrison, Robert; Rixon, Vaughn & Dudley, John (September 2000). "Chartering and HMAS Jervis Bay". U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 126 (9): 75–7. ISSN 0041798X. 
• Polson, William (16 September 2000). "Navy goes Down Under, explores future of amphib warfare". United States 7th Fleet. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080305045832/http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2000/09/16.html. Retrieved 8 December 2009.