HMS Invincible (1869)

For other ships of the same name, see HMS Invincible.

Career (UK)
Name:	HMS Invincible
Builder:	Napier shipyards
Laid down:	28 June 1867
Launched:	29 May 1869
Commissioned:	1 October 1870
Renamed:	HMS Erebus in 1904 Fisgard II in 1906
Reclassified:	Depot ship in 1901 Training ship in 1906
Fate:	Sank, 17 September 1914
General characteristics
Class and type:	Audacious-class ironclad battleship
Displacement:	6,106 long tons (6,204 t)
Length:	280 ft (85 m)
Beam:	54 ft (16 m)
Draught:	22 ft 7 in (6.88 m)
Installed power:	4,021 ihp (2,998 kW)
Propulsion:	1 × coal-fired reciprocating steam engine 6 × boilers
Speed:	Steam engine: 13.5 kn (15.5 mph; 25.0 km/h) Sailing masts: 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h)
Complement:	450
Armament:	10 × RML 9 in (230 mm) guns, 4 × 64 pdr (29 kg) guns
Armour:	Belt: 8 in (20 cm) (amidships); 6 in (15 cm) (ends) Central battery: 6–8 in (15–20 cm)
Notes:	Armour is backed by 10 in (25 cm) of teak.

HMS Invincible was an Audacious-class ironclad battleship of the Royal Navy. She was built at the Napier shipyard and completed in 1870. Completed just 10 years after Warrior, she still carried sails as well as a steam engine.

The Audacious-class was armed with ten 9 in (230 mm) muzzle-loading guns, supported by four 6 in (0.15 m) muzzle loaders. These were located in a broadside pattern over a 59 ft (18 m) two-deck central battery amidships - this was the area of the ship least affected by its motion, and made them very stable gun platforms.

For the first year of her career, she was a guardship at Hull, before being replaced by her sister Audacious. She was then transferred to the Mediterranean, where she served until 1886. She was sent to Cadiz in 1873 to prevent ships seized by republicans during the civil war in Spain from leaving harbour. She rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet in 1878 under the command of Captain Lindsay Brine, but her poor state of seamanship attracted the ire of the commander-in-chief, Geoffrey Hornby. In early 1879 Invincible blundered badly, putting two ships at hazard, and Brine was court-martialled. Though acquitted, Brine was relieved by Captain Edmund Fremantle. She was Admiral Seymour's temporary flagship at the bombardment of Alexandria in 1882 because his normal one — Alexandra — had too great a draught to enter the inner harbour. She provided men for the naval brigade that was subsequently landed and she also provided men for Charles Beresford's naval brigade in the Sudan campaign of 1885.

She made a trip to China in 1886 to carry out a new crew for Audacious before becoming the guardship at Southampton until 1893. Her engines were removed in 1901 when she became a depot ship at Sheerness for a destroyer flotilla. She was renamed HMS Erebus in 1904, a name that she bore until 1906, when she was converted into a training ship at Portsmouth for engineering artificers and was renamed Fisgard II (Audacious had been renamed Fisgard in 1904).

On 17 September 1914, she sank during a storm off Portland Bill with the loss of 21 of her crew of 64. She was being towed from Portsmouth to Scapa Flow where she was to act as a receiving ship for seamen newly mobilised as a result of the First World War. She now lies upside down with the bottom of the hull about 164 ft (50 m) below sea level.

References

• Roger Chesneau and Eugene M. Kolesnik, ed., Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1979), ISBN 0-85177-133-5