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                "title": "Reaction ferry",
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                        "*": "[[Image:Lytton Reaction Ferry.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Lytton Ferry]] across the [[Fraser River]] in [[British Columbia]] is a reaction ferry using an overhead cable and traveller, visible in the upper right corner.]]\n[[Image:Gierf\u00e4hre Westerh\u00fcsen 20070909.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Westerh\u00fcsen Ferry]] across the [[Elbe]] in Germany is a reaction ferry using a floating cable attached to a mid-channel anchorage, to the right of the boat.]]\nA '''reaction ferry''' is a [[cable ferry]] that uses the [[Reaction (physics)|reaction]] of the [[Current (stream)|current]] of a river against a fixed tether to propel the vessel across the river. Such ferries operate faster and more effectively in rivers with strong currents. \n\nSome reaction ferries operate using an overhead [[Wire rope|cable]] suspended from towers anchored on either bank of the river, whilst others use a floating cable attached to a single anchorage that may be on one bank or mid-channel. Where an overhead cable is used a \"traveller\" is usually installed on the cable and the ferry is attached to the traveller by a bridle cable. To operate the ferry either the bridle cable is adjusted or a rudder is used, causing the ferry to be angled into the current, and the force of the current moves the ferry across the river. \n\nThe ferry may consist of a single hull, or two [[Pontoon (boat)|pontoons]] with a deck bridging them. Some ferries carry only passengers, whilst others carry road vehicles, with some examples carrying up to 12 cars.\n\n==Worldwide usage==\n===Canada===\nAt one time over 30 reaction ferries crossed the rivers of [[British Columbia]], primarily the [[Fraser River]] and the [[Thompson River]]. Those still operating include:\n\n*[[Big Bar Ferry]], across the Fraser River at [[Big Bar, British Columbia|Big Bar]], British Columbia\n*[[Little Fort Ferry]], across the Thompson River in British Columbia\n*[[Lytton Ferry]], across the Fraser River at [[Lytton, British Columbia|Lytton]], British Columbia\n*[[McLure Ferry]], across the Thompson River in British Columbia\n*[[Usk Ferry]], across the [[Skeena River]] in [[Usk, British Columbia|Usk]], British Columbia\n\nIn [[Quebec]], the small [[Laval-sur-le-Lac \u00cele-Bizard Ferry]] operates seasonally across the [[Rivi\u00e8re des Prairies]] from [[Laval-sur-le-Lac]] to the [[\u00cele Bizard]].\n\n===Croatia===\nReaction ferries cross the rivers [[Sava]] and [[Drava]].\n\n===Czech Republic===\nThe [[Doln\u00ed \u017dleb Ferry]] crosses the [[Elbe]] at [[Doln\u00ed \u017dleb]] near [[D\u011b\u010d\u00edn]].\n\n[[Image:Gierseilf\u00e4hre Coswig.JPG|thumb|right|The Coswig Ferry.]]\n[[Image:Gierseilf\u00e4hre Aken (Elbe).jpg|thumb|The Aken Ferry]]\n===Germany===\nA number of reaction ferries operate in Germany, particularly across the rivers [[Elbe]] and [[Weser]]. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, they were quite common on the [[Rhine]]. Currently operating ferries include:\n\n* Aken ferry, across the Elbe at [[Aken (Elbe)]] in [[Saxony-Anhalt]]\n*[[Barby Ferry]], across the Elbe at [[Barby, Germany|Barby]] in Saxony-Anhalt\n*[[Coswig Ferry]], across the Elbe at [[Coswig, Anhalt|Coswig]] in Saxony-Anhalt\n*[[Rathen Ferry]], across the Elbe at [[Rathen]] in [[Saxony]]\n*[[R\u00e4bel Ferry]], across the Elbe between [[R\u00e4bel]] and [[Havelberg]] in Saxony-Anhalt\n*[[Rothenburg Ferry]], across the [[Saale]] at [[Rothenburg, Saxony-Anhalt|Rothenburg]] in Saxony-Anhalt\n*[[Sandau Ferry]], across the Elbe at [[Sandau]] in Saxony-Anhalt\n*[[Veckerhagen Ferry]], across the Weser between [[Veckerhagen]] in [[Hesse]] and [[Hemeln]] in [[Lower Saxony]]\n*[[Westerh\u00fcsen Ferry]], across the Elbe at [[Magdeburg]] in Saxony-Anhalt\n\n[[Image:Traghetto di Leonardo - Il traghetto.jpg|thumb|right|Traghetto di Leonardo]]\n\n===Italy===\nThe [[Traghetto di Leonardo]] is a historic reaction ferry across the [[Adda River]] at [[Imbersago]]. It is reputed to have been designed by [[Leonardo da Vinci]].\n\n===Poland===\nReaction ferries operate across the rivers [[Vistula]], [[Oder]], [[Warta]], [[Dunajec]] and [[San River]]\n*[[Opatowiec Ferry]], across the Vistula between Opatowiec and Uj\u015bcie Jezuickie\n*[[Borusowa Ferry]], across the Vistula between Borusowa and Nowy Korczyn road no. 973\n*[[Po\u0142aniec Ferry]], across the Vistula between Po\u0142aniec and Gliny Ma\u0142e\n*[[\u015awiniary Ferry]], across the Vistula between Baran\u00f3w Sandomierski and \u015awiniary road no. 872\n*[[Ciszyca Ferry]], across the Vistula between Tarnobrzeg and Ciszyca road no. 758\n*[[Korzeniewo Ferry]], across the Vistula between Korzeniewo and Opalenie road no. 232\n*[[Gniew Ferry]], across the Vistula between Gniew and Janowo road no. 510\n*[[Grzegorzowice Ferry]], across the Oder between Grzerorzowice and Ciechowice road no. 421\n*[[Brzeg Dolny Ferry]], across the Oder between Brzeg Dolny and G\u0142oska \n*[[Milsko Ferry]], across the Oder between Milsko and Przew\u00f3z road no. 282\n*[[Pomorsko Ferry]], across the Oder at Pomorsko road no. 281\n*[[Brody Ferry]], across the Oder at Brody road no. 280\n*[[Po\u0142\u0119cko Ferry]], across the Oder between Po\u0142\u0119cko and Chlebowo road no. 138\n*[[Kozub\u00f3w Ferry]], across the Warta between Kozub\u00f3w and Osina\n*[[Waki Ferry]], across the Warta at Waki\n*[[Biechowy Ferry]], across the Warta between Biechowy and Piersk\n*[[S\u0142awsk Ferry]], across the Warta between S\u0142awsk and W\u0119glewskie Holendry\n*[[Pogorzelica Ferry]], across the Warta between Pogorzelica and Nowa Wie\u015b Podg\u00f3rna\n*[[Czeszewo Ferry]], across the Warta at Czeszewo \n*[[D\u0119bno Ferry]], across the Warta between D\u0119bno and Orzechowo\n*[[Czch\u00f3w Ferry]], across the Dunajec between Czch\u00f3w and Piaski Dru\u017ck\u00f3w\n*[[Otfin\u00f3w Ferry]], across the Dunajec between Otfin\u00f3w and Pasieka Otfinowska\n*[[Siedliszowice Ferry]], across the Dunajec between Siedliszowice and Wietrzychowice\n*[[Krzemienna Ferry]], across the San between Krzemienna and Jab\u0142onica Ruska\n*[[Nozdrzec Ferry]], across the San between Nozdrzec and D\u0105br\u00f3wka Starze\u0144ska\n\n===Spain===\nThe [[Pas de Barca Ferry]] on the [[Ebro]] river, in [[Miravet]] in the [[Catalonia]] region of Spain has been operating since the [[Middle Ages]], and continues to use a traditional wooden ferry boat design.\n\n===Switzerland===\nFour ferries cross the [[Rhine]] in [[Basel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faehri.ch/engl.html|title=F\u00e4hri-Verein website}}</ref> \n\n[[Image:Tivedshambo 2004-07-24 Hampton Loade Ferry.jpg|thumb|right|Hampton Loade Ferry]]\n===United Kingdom===\nThe [[Hampton Loade Ferry]], which carries passengers only, crosses the [[River Severn]] at [[Hampton Loade]] in [[Shropshire]]. It is operated partly by the current and partly by [[Punt (boat)|punting]].\n\n===United States===\nSeveral reaction ferries crossed rivers in the [[The Ozarks|Ozark Mountains]] of the central United States during the first half of the 20th century. The [[Akers Ferry]] across the [[Current River (Missouri)|Current River]] near [[Salem, Missouri|Salem]] in [[Missouri]] remains in operation.\n\n==See also==\n*[[Cable ferry]]\n*[[Ferry]]\n*[[Pontoon (boat)]]\n\n==References==\n{{reflist}}\n\n==External links==\n{{commonscat|Reaction ferries}}\n*[http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/mot_org/marine/marinehome.htm BC Ministry of Transportation Marine Division]\n*[http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=record_detail&fl=&lg=English&ex=00000199&rd=114731 Picture of the ferry] at [[Lytton, British Columbia|Lytton]] across the Fraser River.\n*[http://thelibrary.springfield.missouri.org/lochist/periodicals/bittersweet/fa79k.htm History of current-powered ferries in the Ozarks]\n*[http://www.ebreguia.com/miravet/english/index.htm Catalonia historical and tourist information site]\n\n[[Category:Boat types]]\n[[Category:Ferries]]\n\n[[de:Gierseilf\u00e4hre]]\n[[fr:Bac \u00e0 traille]]\n[[lt:Srovinis keltas]]"
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            "9666": {
                "pageid": 9666,
                "ns": 0,
                "title": "Reaper (sailing vessel)",
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                        "*": "{|{{ infobox Ship Begin}}\n{{ infobox Ship Image\n| Ship image               = [[Image:Reaper in sail.jpg|300px|The ''Reaper'' under full sail.]]\n| Ship caption             = The ''Reaper'' under full sail.\n}}\n{{ infobox Ship Career\n| Hide header              = \n| Ship country             = \n| Ship flag                = \n| Ship name                = \n| Ship ordered             = \n| Ship builder             = J. & G. Forbes of [[Sandhaven]]\n| Ship original cost       = \n| Ship laid down           = \n| Ship launched            = 1901\n| Ship acquired            = \n| Ship commissioned        = \n| Ship decommissioned      = \n| Ship in service          = \n| Ship out of service      = \n| Ship renamed             = \n| Ship struck              = \n| Ship reinstated          = \n| Ship honours             = \n| Ship captured            = \n| Ship fate                = \n| Ship status              = [[National Historic Fleet, Core Collection]]\n| Ship notes               = \n}}\n{{ infobox Ship Characteristics\n| Hide header              = \n| Header caption           = \n| Ship class               = [[Fifie]] [[herring]] [[Drifter (fishing boat)|drifter]]\n| Ship tonnage             = Gross: 61.30 (net 29.04)\n| Ship tons burthen        = \n| Ship length              = {{convert|70.26|ft|m|2}}\n| Ship beam                = {{convert|20.38|ft|m|2}}\n| Ship draught             = \n| Ship draft               = {{convert|8.60|ft|m|2}}\n| Ship hold depth          = \n| Ship propulsion          = \n| Ship sail plan           = '''Height of mizzen mast''': {{convert|46.82|ft|m|2}}<br/>\n'''Sail area (foresail):''' {{convert|1557.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br/>\n'''Sail area (mizzen):''' {{convert|1130.2|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}\n| Ship complement          = \n| Ship notes               = \n}}\n|}\n\n'''''Reaper''''' is a restored historic [[Fifie]] [[herring]] [[Drifter (fishing boat)|drifter]] which is registered by the [[National Historic Ships Committee]] as part of the Core Collection of historic vessels in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], and currently operates as a [[museum ship]].\n\n==History==\nBuilt by J. & G. Forbes of [[Sandhaven]] in 1901, she is 21 metres long and of [[Carvel (boat building)|carvel]] construction, using [[larch]] planking on larch and [[oak]] frames. First registered at [[Fraserburgh]] in 1902, she operated initially as a sailing [[lugger]] with a [[Mast (sailing)|main]] dipping [[lugger|lugsail]] and a [[Mast (sailing)|mizzen]] standing lug sail. There would have been a crew of around eight to work the nets which were set at [[dusk]] and hauled in at [[dawn]]. Once the haul was complete, a swift return to port would ensure the best prices for the earliest-sold catches.\n\n''Reaper'' later spent many years in [[Shetland]] fishing for herring in the summer and she was fitted with an engine between the Wars. During [[World War II]] she was requisitioned by the [[Admiralty]] and served in the southeast of [[England]], often being used as a [[barrage balloon]] mooring. After the war, she resumed fishing in Shetland and continued until 1957. She holds the record catch for Shetland of 233 [[cran (unit)|cran]] (almost 250,000 herrings).{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} \n\nFrom 1959 she served the local council as a general purpose [[cargo]] boat until the introduction of the [[RORO|roll on-roll off ferries]] when she was retired from service. \n\n==''Reaper'' today==\n''Reaper'' was purchased by the [[Scottish Fisheries Museum]] in [[Anstruther]], [[Fife]] in 1975 and restored to her traditional sailing configuration as a two-masted sailing lugger, much as she would have appeared when first going to sea in 1902. Renamed ''Reaper FR958'', she is one of the last authentic survivors of this type of vessel, once plentiful on the east coast of [[Scotland]].\n\nListed as part of the [[National Historic Fleet, Core Collection]], she sails regularly in the summer months. When not sailing, the boat is berthed in Anstruther harbour opposite the fisheries museum. In 2003 she visited 14 ports around Britain, attracting 24,000 visitors. In 2005 she visited 12 ports around Britain, including a visit to the [[Festival of the Sea]] in [[Portsmouth]], and attracted 20,000 visitors.\n\nIn 2001, with seven people aboard, she was the centre of an emergency off the coast of northeast [[England]] when she began to take on water due to the failure of a [[bilge pump]]. A rescue helicopter was scrambled from [[RAF Boulmer]] in [[Northumberland]]. A [[Lifeboat (rescue)|lifeboat]] dispatched from [[Amble]] transferred a new pump and escorted her to harbour for repairs.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1479855.stm| title=Museum ship saved from sinking| date=8 August 2001| publisher=[[BBC News]]| accessdate=2009-08-24}}</ref>\n\n==Gallery==\n<gallery>\nImage:Reaper at Dunbar.jpg|The ''Reaper'' on a visit to [[Dunbar]] harbour.\nImage:Shore Street and the Reaper.jpg|The ''Reaper'' berthed in [[Anstruther]] harbour.\n</gallery>\n\n==Footnotes==\n{{No footnotes|date=June 2008}}\n{{reflist}}\n\n==External links==\n* [http://www.scotfishmuseum.org/reaper/ Reaper at the Scottish Fisheries Museum]\n* [http://freespace.virgin.net/s.smith/history.htm History of Reaper, Scottish Fisheries Museum Boat Club]\n* [http://nationalhistoricships.org.uk/index.cfm/event/getVessel/vref/172 National Register of Historic Vessels]\n* [http://sites.scran.ac.uk/secf_final/silver/index.php The history of herring fishing on the east coast of Scotland]\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Reaper (Sailing Vessel)}}\n[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]\n[[Category:Museum ships in the United Kingdom]]\n[[Category:Ships of Scotland]]\n[[Category:1901 ships]]\n[[Category:Visitor attractions in Fife]]"
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