HMS Devastation (1871)
| 300px HMS Devastation in 1896. | |
| Career (UK) |  |
|---|---|
| Builder: | Portsmouth Dockyard |
| Laid down: | 12 November 1869 |
| Launched: | 12 July 1871 |
| Commissioned: | 19 April 1873 |
| Fate: | Scrapped May 1908 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: |
9,180 tons standard |
| Length: | 285 ft (87 m) p/p 307 ft (94 m) o/a |
| Beam: | 62 ft 3 in (18.97 m) |
| Draught: | 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m) |
| Propulsion: |
As built: 2-cylinder Penn Trunk engine, 8 rectangular 30 psi (210 kPa) boilers, 6.640 ihp = 13.84 kts From 1890: Triple Expansion, cylindrical boilers |
| Speed: | 14 knots (26 km/h) maximum (following 1890 modernisation) |
| Complement: | 410 |
| Armament: |
As built : |
HMS Devastation was the first of two Devastation-class mastless turret ships built for the British Royal Navy. This was the first class of ocean-going capital ship that did not carry sails, and the first whose entire main armament was mounted on top of the hull rather than inside it. For their first fifteen years, they were the most powerful warships in the world.
Devastation was built in the 1870s, a time in which steam power was well established among the world's larger naval powers. However, most ships built at this time were equipped not only with a steam engine but also with masts for auxiliary power. The presence of masts also led to a tendency to mount gun turrets as broadsides. Devastation, designed by Sir Edward J. Reed, represented a change from this pattern when she was built without masts and when her primary armament, two turrets each with two 12-inch (305 mm) muzzle-loading guns, was placed on the top of the hull, allowing each turret a 280 degree arc of fire. The ship could attain a speed of 13.84 knots (25.6 km/h) and had a range of 5,500 nautical miles (8,850 km), each of which was considered good at the time. In 1891, the 12-inch guns were replaced with 10-inch breech-loading guns and she was refitted with new engines.
She was deployed to serve in the waters of the United Kingdom and the Mediterranean Sea. Later, she was refitted again and assigned to the First Reserve Fleet based in Scotland. The ship was broken up in 1908.
Popular Culture
HMS Devastation is familiar as the ship depicted on "England's Glory" matchboxes.
Her crest was also issued by publishers for use in Monogram and Crest Albums - a popular collecting hobby of the second half of the 19th century.
References
- Roger Chesneau and Eugene M. Kolesnik, ed., Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1979), ISBN 0-85177-133-5
Sandler, Stanley, "Emergence of the Modern Capital Ship (Associated University Pressed, Neward, Del and London, 1979)
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