HMS Royal Charles (1655)

300px Royal Charles off Chatham, captured by the Dutch after the Raid on the Medway, June 1667. Jeronymus van Diest (II).
Career (England)
Name:	Naseby
Ordered:	3 July 1654
Builder:	Peter Pett II, Woolwich
Launched:	12 April 1655
Renamed:	HMS Royal Charles, 23 May 1660
Honours and awards:	Participated in: Battle of Lowestoft Four Days Battle St. James's Day Battle
Captured:	12 June 1667, by the Dutch
Fate:	Sold for scrap, 1673 (by Dutch navy)
General characteristics
Class and type:	80-gun first rate ship of the line
Tons burthen:	1,229 long tons (1,248.7 t) on completion, later increased to 1,258 long tons (1,278.2 t)
Length:	131 ft (39.9 m) (keel)
Beam:	42 ft 0 in (12.8 m) on completion, later increased to 42 ft 6 in (13.0 m)
Depth of hold:	18 ft (5.5 m)
Propulsion:	Sails
Sail plan:	Full rigged ship
Complement:	500 - later raised to 550 then 650
Armament:	80 guns of various weights of shot

For other ships of the same name, see HMS Royal Charles.

HMS Royal Charles was an 80-gun First Rate three-decker ship of the line of the English Navy. She was originally called the Naseby, built by Peter Pett, and launched at Woolwich dockyard in 1655, for the navy of the Commonwealth of England, and named in honour of Oliver Cromwell's decisive 1645 victory over the Royalist forces during the English Civil Wars. She was ordered in 1654 as one of a programme of four Second Rates, intended to carry 60 guns each. However, she was altered during construction to mount a complete battery of guns along the upper deck (compared with the partial battery on this deck of her intended sisters, on which there were no gunports in the waist along this deck), and so was reclassed as a First Rate.

In the run-up to the Restoration of the monarchy during June 1660 she was anchored in The Downs off Deal, where her laurel-crowned figurehead of Oliver Cromwell was removed before sailing to the Dutch Republic at the head of the fleet sent to bring King Charles II back to England, captained by Sir Edward Montagu and still under her Parliamentary name. On arrival in Scheveningen she was renamed HMS Royal Charles and took Charles and his entourage (including Samuel Pepys) on board, landing them at Dover.

Under her new name, she thus joined the Royal Navy which formally came into being in 1660. At 1,229 tons, Naseby was larger than Sovereign of the Seas, the first three-deck ship of the line, built by Phineas Pett, Peter's father. Unlike Sovereign of the Seas, Naseby was to enjoy only twelve years in service.

As Royal Charles she took part in the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In 1665 she fought in the Battle of Lowestoft under the command of the Lord High Admiral, James Stuart, Duke of York, her captain being Sir William Penn. During that battle she probably destroyed the Dutch flagship Eendracht. In 1666 she participated in two further actions, the Four Days Battle and the defeat of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter in the St. James's Day Battle off the North Foreland.

The painting Dutch attack on the Medway, June 1667 by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest, painted c. 1667 shows the captured HMS Royal Charles, right of centre.

In 1667, flagging English national esteem was further depressed by the raid on the Medway in which a Dutch fleet invaded the Thames and Medway rivers and on 12 June captured the uncommissioned Royal Charles, removing her with great skill to Hellevoetsluis in the United Provinces. The Dutch did not take her into naval service because it was considered that she drew too much water for general use on the Dutch coast. She was auctioned for scrap in 1673.

Her metal stern piece, showing the English coat of arms with a lion and unicorn (see lion and unicorn) along with the white ensign, is now on display in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

References

• Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.