HMY Mary
Coordinates: 53°15′54″N 4°21′47″W / 53.265°N 4.363°W HMY Mary was the first Royal Yacht of the Royal Navy. She was built in 1660 by the Dutch East India Company. Then she was purchased by the City of Amsterdam and given to King Charles II, on the restoration of the monarchy, as part of the Dutch Gift. She struck rocks off Anglesey in thick fog on 25 March 1675 while en-route from Dublin to Chester. Although 39 of 74 crew and passengers managed to get to safety, the wreck quickly broke up. The remains (bronze cannon) were independently discovered by two different diving groups in July 1971. After looters started to remove guns from the site, a rescue operation was organized and the remaining guns and other artefacts were taken to the Merseyside Museums for conservation and display. After the passing of the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973, she was designated as a protected site on 20 January 1974.
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Construction and sailing life
She was the first of some 27 yachts which the king owned between 1660 and 1685. The word yacht derives from a Dutch word jagen, meaning to hurry. She was 52 feet long, with a beam of 19ft (15.8 by 5.8m) and displaced 100 tons. Her hull was copper clad to ensure that barnacles and other sea creatures did not adhere and cause drag. The Dutch yacht is the fore-runner of the Thames sailing barge. They had a large sail area, but a shallow draught that enabled them to navigate shallow waters. As with a sailing barge, sailing was achieved by means of a leeboard instead of having a deep keel. The shallow draught meant that she needed to carry additional ballast when sailing deeper waters. She was built for luxury with a decorated counter. She is mentioned in the diaries of Samuel Pepys. Charles II enjoyed racing and after owning her for a year commissioned the Katherine as a faster replacement; the first vessel built for him by Phineas Pett.
Mary was then used for transporting diplomats and civil servants and was used regularly for journeys across the Irish Sea between Dublin and Holyhead.
Wrecking, recovery and protection
She was on a regular journey across the Irish Sea, en-route from Dublin to Chester, on 25 March 1675. In the early hours of the morning in thick fog, she struck rocks. A lighthouse would later be built near this site. She would have carried 8 guns and a crew of 28. She also had 46 passengers at the time.
The bronze guns were discovered by both the Chorley Sub Aqua Club and the Merseyside Sub Aqua Club in the same month. Under the direction of Peter Davies of Liverpool University and the Merseyide Museums, the artefacts were rescued from the site before they were lost to looters. The collection was conserved by the Liverpool City Museums Conservation Department and the Merseyside Museums now have over 1500 objects from the Mary, including cutlery and jewelry. A model of the Mary, built by Des Newton is also on display[1].
The Protection of Wrecks Act was passed in 1974 and the Mary was amongst the first designations (after the Cattewater) in 1974.
The site is regularly monitored by the contractor for the Protection of Wrecks Act and by the licensee.
See also
References
- English Heritage Maritime Archaeology Publications for ACHWS annual reports, guidance on historic wrecks and other relevant material
- Cadw website information about the protection of wrecks and other maritime sites in Wales
- Fenwick, Valerie and Gale, Alison (1998), Historic Shipwrecks, Discovered, Protected and Investigated, pp112-113, Tempus Publishing Limited, ISBN 0-7524-1473-9.
External links
- Liverpool Museums: Scale model of HMY Mary
