Liverpool Packet
 Painting of the schooner Liverpool, believed by some to be the schooner Liverpool Packet[1] | |
| Career (Nova Scotia) |  |
|---|---|
| Owner: | Enos Collins, John Allision, Joseph Barss |
| Port of registry: | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Commissioned: | Aug. 20, 1812 |
| Homeport: | Liverpool, Nova Scotia |
| Nickname: | "Black Joke" "New England's Bane" |
| Honours and awards: | 50 captures |
| Fate: | Sold to Jamaican owners 1815 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Privateer schooner |
| Tonnage: | 67 |
| Sail plan: | Topsail Schooner |
| Crew: | 40 |
| Armament: | 2 x 4 pounder cannons, 2 x 12 pounder carronades, 1 x 6 pounder gun |
Liverpool Packet was a privateer schooner from Liverpool, Nova Scotia, which captured 50 American vessels in the War of 1812. During the war the privateer ship was briefly captured by American privateers, eventually being recaptured by the British. The Liverpool Packet was the most successful privateer vessel ever to sail out of a Canadian port.[2]
Contents
Canadian privateer
The Liverpool Packet was originally the American slave ship Severn, captured by HMS Tartarus in August 1811. The American schooner was condemned as an illegal slave ship by the Halifax Vice Admiralty Court as both Britain and the United States had recently outlawed the Transatlantic Slave Trade.[3] The ship was ordered sold at auction by the Court, she was purchased by Enos Collins and other investors in October 1811. They renamed her Liverpool Packet, although she was sometimes bore the nickname The Black Joke, a name of several infamous slave ships. At first, her owners used the small and fast schooner as packet ship carrying mail and passengers between Halifax and Liverpool, Nova Scotia.
War of 1812
Upon the outbreak of the War of 1812, the owners of the Liverpool Packet quickly converted her to a privateer. Under the command of Joseph Barss Jnr, she captured at least 33 American vessels during the first year of the war. His strategy was to lie in wait off Cape Cod, snapping up American ships headed to Boston or New York.
Captive
She was a menace to New England shipping until the Americans captured her in 1813. On 10 June the privateer schooner Thomas of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Captain Shaw, master, mounting twelve guns and manned with a crew of one hundred men encountered Packet. Thomas chased her for about five hours but light winds prevented Liverpool Packet from escaping.
Liverpool packet struck her colours but then as the Americans came alongside the two vessels ran into each other. As the British ran up to push the vessels apart the Americans, fearing they were going to be boarded, boarded Liverpool Packet. Firing broke out that killed three Americans.[4] American anger over their earlier losses to the Packet resulted in poor treatment of Barss, who languished in jail for months on a diet of bread and water until he was exchanged for American prisoners held in Halifax.
In American hands she was briefly renamed Young Teaser's Ghost and then Portsmouth Packet. Under the name Portsmouth Packet, Captain John Perkins, she had a short, unsuccessful career failing to capture a single prize for the Americans
Recaptured
The HMS Fantome recaptured the Liverpool Packet off Mount Desert Island, Maine, after a chase of thirteen hours. At the time, the privateer schooner was armed with five guns, carried a crew of 45, and had sailed from Portsmouth the previous day.
The recaptured schooner was brought into Halifax where her original owners repurchased her and restored the name of Liverpool Packet. Under a new captain named Caleb Seeley, she captured fourteen prizes before the year ended. In 1814, she captured additional prizes in May and June. Then in August, she took two prizes while acting in concert with HMS Shannon while they were sailing off of Bridgeport and New York. Liverpool Packet continued to work often with British naval vessels right to the war's end.
Fate
After the war, her owners sold her in Kingston, Jamaica; her subsequent fate is not known. The War of 1812 was the last time the British allowed privateering, since the practice was coming to be seen as politically inexpedient and of diminishing value in maintaining its naval supremacy.
Post script
In all, she had taken 50 prizes in her brief but successful career. Her captures helped launch the great fortune of Enos Collins. Two steamships from her old homeport of Liverpool, Nova Scotia, were named in her honour in the 20th century.
References
- ↑ Schooner on this 19th century painting is lettered Liverpool and is likely the schooner Liverpool built in Nova Scotia in 1848 (long after the War of 1812) "Schooner Liverpool", Ship Information Database, Parks Canada although some businesses believe it to be the earlier schooner Liverpool Packet Lanes Privateer Inn.
- ↑ Leefe, John The Atlantic Privateers: their story – 1749-1815. 1978. Petheric Press. Nimbus Publishing. p. 9
- ↑ Conlin, Dan. "A Slave Ship Made Captive: The Schooner Severn", Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society Vol. 2, (1999), 203-212.
- ↑ Acadian Recorder 26 June 1813 p. 2.
- Kert, Faye. Prize and Prejudice.
- Snider, C.F.J. (1928) Under the Red Jack:Privateers of the Maritime Provinces of Canada in the War of 1812. (London:Martin Hopkinson & Co.)
- Leefe, John. (1978) The Atlantic Privateers: their story – 1749-1815. (Petheric Press; Nimbus Publishing).
