SS Chief Wawatam
 SS Chief Wawatam loading a passenger train at Mackinaw City | |
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Name: | SS Chief Wawatam |
| Namesake: | Chief Wawatam |
| Operator: | Mackinac Transportation Company |
| Route: | Mackinaw City to St. Ignace, Michigan |
| Builder: | Toledo Shipbuilding Company |
| Yard number: | Hull number 119 |
| Launched: | August 26, 1911 |
| In service: | October 1911 |
| Out of service: | 1984 |
| Identification: |
Official No. 209235 IMO number: 5070115 |
| Fate: | Cut down to barge in 1989; scrapped 2009 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage: | 2,990 tons |
| Length: | 338 ft (103.02 m) |
| Beam: | 62 ft (18.90 m) |
| Installed power: | Six hand-fired, coal-burning steam boilers, |
| Propulsion: | three triple-expansion steam engines, total 4,500 hp (3.36 MW). Three propellors: one forward, two aft |
| Capacity: | 26 freight cars on three tracks |
SS Chief Wawatam was a coal-fired train ferry and icebreaker that operated in the Straits of Mackinac between 1911–1984. Her home port was St. Ignace, Michigan, and she shuttled back and forth during her entire working life between that port and Mackinaw City, Michigan.
Contents
History
Railroad ferry
The Chief Wawatam was designed by Great Lakes marine architect Frank E. Kirby. She was launched in Toledo, Ohio by the Toledo Shipbuilding Company on 26 August 1911, and went into service for the Mackinac Transportation Company on 18 October 1911. The Mackinac Transportation Company was a joint venture of the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad, and the Michigan Central Railroad, the three railroads that serviced the Straits of Mackinac.
Year-round train ferry service in the Straits of Mackinac was a significant challenge because of the heavy ice buildup experienced by these straits in winter. The Chief Wawatam was designed to break ice floes with her bow propeller, which could both maneuver the boat and suck water out from underneath the ice to enable it to be broken through force of gravity.
The Chief Wawatam was 338 feet in length and had a beam of 62 feet. Her three propellers, two in the stern and one on the bow, were driven by coal-fired triple-expansion steam engines. The Chief is believed to have been the last hand-fired, coal-burning boat in commercial service on the Great Lakes. Other coal-burning vessels that survived longer in revenue service, such as the SS Badger, had automatic stokers.
Relics
Need by shippers for the Straits of Mackinac train ferry service provided by the Mackinac Transportation Company declined following construction of the Mackinac Bridge in 1957. After cross-Straits of Mackinac railroad car ferry service ended in 1984, the Chief lay in mothballs for several years in Mackinaw City. She was towed to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in 1989 and cut down at that port to serve as a barge. In November 2009 it was reported that barge Chief Wawatam was being scrapped.[1] At the time of this final scrappage she was one of the last survivors of the Great Storm of 1913.
One of the Chief's triple-expansion engines was withheld from salvage and, after being restored to operating condition, was placed on display in 2005 at the Wisconsin Maritime Museum in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Other artifacts from the ferry, including the whistle, wheel, telegraphs, and furniture, are preserved by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission in Mackinaw City.
See also
References
- ↑ Eppley, Jonathan (2009-11-12). "Chief Wawatam Scrapped". St. Ignace News. http://www.stignacenews.com/news/2009-11-12/Front_Page/Chief_Wawatam_Scrapped.html. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
- Zimmermanm, Karl (1993). Lake Michigan’s Railroad Car Ferries. Andover, New Jersey: Andover Junction Publications. pp. 52–63. ISBN 0-944119-11-5.
Further reading
- Burgdorf, Frances D. (1976) Chief Wawatam: Story of a Hand Bomber Cheboygan, Michigan 297 pages
- Hilton, George W. (December, 2003) Great Lakes Car Ferries Montevallo Historical Press, Incorporated (240 Pages) ISBN 9780965862431; ISBN 0965862437; ISBN 978-0965862431
