SS Shalom
 SS Shalom in ZIM Lines colours | |
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Name: |
1964—1967: Shalom 1967—1973: Hanseatic 1973—1981: Doric 1981—1988: Royal Odyssey 1988—1996: Regent Sun 1996—1998: Sun Venture 1998: Sun 1998—2001: Sun 11[1] |
| Owner: |
1964—1967: ZIM Lines 1967—1973: German Atlantic Line 1973—1981: Home Lines 1981—1988: Royal Cruise Line 1988—1998: Regency Cruises 1998: Tony Travel & Agency 1998—2001: International Shipping Partners[1] |
| Operator: |
1964—1967: ZIM Lines 1967—1973: German Atlantic Line 1973—1981: Home Lines 1981—1988: Royal Cruise Line 1988—1995: Regency Cruises 1995—2001: laid up[1] |
| Port of registry: |
1964—1967: Haifa, 22x20px Israel 1967—1973: Hamburg, 22x20px West Germany 1973—1981: Panama City, 22x20px Panama 1981—1988: Piraeus, 22x20px Greece 1988—2001: Nassau, 22x20px Bahamas[1] |
| Ordered: | 1959[2] |
| Builder: | Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1] |
| Cost: | £7.5 million[2] |
| Yard number: | Z21[1] |
| Acquired: | February 1964[1] |
| Maiden voyage: | 17 April 1964[1] |
| In service: | 3 March 1964[2] |
| Out of service: | 3 November 1995[1] |
| Identification: | IMO 5321679[1] |
| Fate: | Sunk outside Cape St. Francis, 26 July 2001[1] |
| General characteristics (as built)[1] | |
| Type: | ocean liner |
| Tonnage: | 25320 GRT[3] |
| Displacement: | 6,300 metric tons deadweight (DWT) |
| Length: | 191.63 m (628 ft 8 in) |
| Beam: | 24.81 m (81 ft 5 in) |
| Draught: | 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in) |
| Decks: | 10[2] |
| Installed power: |
4 × Parsons steam turbines combined 18389 kW |
| Propulsion: | Twin propellers[3] |
| Speed: | 20 kn (37 km/h) |
| Capacity: | 1090 (72 first class, 1018 tourist class)[3] |
| Crew: |
450 (liner service) 500 (cruise service)[2] |
| General characteristics (after 1964 refit)[2] | |
| Type: | ocean liner/cruise ship |
| Tonnage: | 25338 GRT[1] |
| Capacity: | 1012 (148 first class, 864 tourist class) |
| General characteristics (after 1973 refit)[2] | |
| Type: | cruise ship |
| Capacity: | 725 passengers |
| General characteristics (after 1982 refit)[2] | |
| Type: | cruise ship |
| Capacity: | 814 passengers |
SS Shalom was a combined ocean liner/cruise ship built in 1964 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France for ZIM Lines, Israel for transatlantic service from Haifa to New York. In 1967 she was sold to the German Atlantic Line, becoming their second SS Hanseatic. Subsequenly she served as SS Doric for Home Lines, SS Royal Odyssey for Royal Cruise Line and SS Regent Sun for Regency Cruises. She was laid up in 1995 following the bankruptcy of Regency Cruises. Numerous attempts were made to bring her back to service, but none were successful, and the ship sunk outside Cape St. Francis, South Africa on 26 July 2001 while en-route to India to be scrapped.[1][2]
On 26 November 1964 the Shalom accidentally rammed the Norwegian tanker Stolt Dagali outside New York, resulting in the loss of 19 Stolt Dagali crew members as well as the stern of the tanker.[1][2]
Contents
Concept and construction
ZIM Lines had begun transatlantic operations from Haifa to New York in 1953 with the SS Jerusalem. In 1959 they placed an order for a brand new ship for the transatlantic service with Chantiers de l'Atlantique, France.[2] Proposed names for the new ship included Shlomo-Hamelech, King David and King Solomon, but ZIM finally opted for Shalom (peace) as the name of their new flagship.[1]
Project manager was Captain Rimon, Project technical superintendent was borrowed IDF Naval officer and architect Edmond Wilhelm Brillant.[4]
The Shalom was floated out of drydock on 10 November 1962, and after fitting out she commenced on her sea trials on 24 January 1964. In February of the same year she was delivered to ZIM Lines, arriving in Haifa for the first time on 3 March 1964.[1][2]
After just six months in service the Shalom was rebuilt at Wilton-Feyenoord, Rotterdam, The Netherlands with additional first-class cabins. During her subsequent career she was also rebuilt in 1973 before entering service for Home Lines and in 1982 before entering service for Royal Cruise Line.[1][2]
Service history
1964-1967: Zim Lines
The brand-new Shalom begun her career with a series of short cruises out of Haifa, before embarking on her fully booked first crossing to New York on 17 April 1964.[2] However, by the time she entered service the transatlantic liner trade was already in decline, with more passenger crossing the Atlantic by air than by sea since 1959.[5] To make her better suited for cruise service, the Shalom was rebuilt in Holland in October 1964, increasing the number of first-class cabins.[2]
On 26 November 1964, while outbound from New York on a cruise in thick fog, the Shalom collided with the vegetable oil-carrying Norwegian tanker Stolt Dagali just outside Point Pleasant, New Jersey. The Shalom's bow cut the Stolt Dagali in half, killing 19 members of the tanker's crew. The bow section of the tanker remained floating, but her aft section sank in 130 feet (39.62 m) of water. The Shalom's bow was badly damaged, but she was able to return to New York under her own power. Later, she was repaired by Newport News and Shipbuilding in Norfolk.[2]
In 1965, barely a year after the Shalom had been delivered, ZIM Lines made the decision to abandon transatlantic service, with their ship sold off during the next two years.[6] The Shalom stayed in ZIM service until November 1967, when she was sold to German Atlantic Line.[1]
1967-1973: German Atlantic Line
The German Atlantic Line had been without a ship since the first SS Hanseatic had been destroyed by fire in New York in September 1966.[7] On 9 November 1967 the Shalom was sold to the German Atlantic Line and renamed Hanseatic, becoming the second ship with that name. On 16 December 1967 the new Hanseatic set on a crossing from Cuxhaven, Germany to New York with only special invited guests onboard. After that she was used for cruising around North America and Europe.[1][7] During 1968 she was also used on transatlantic service, but after that year German Atlantic decided to abandon liner service and concentrate solely on cruising.[7]
1973-1981: Home Lines
In 1973 the Hanseatic was again sold as a replacement for a ship lost in a fire, this time for Home Lines' SS Homeric.[8] Home Lines and German Atlantic Line were both led by Vernicos Eugenides, which made the transfer of Hanseatic to the former's fleet a straightforward affair.[7] After being sold to Home Lines on 25 September 1973, the Hanseatic was renamed Doric and subsequently rebuilt with a larger after superstructure. Home Lines used her for cruising from Port Everglades to the West Indies during the northern hemisphere winter season, and New York to Bermuda during the summer season.[1][2]
In preparation for the delivery of the new MS Atlantic in 1982,[9] Home Lines sold the Doric to Royal Cruise Line in 1981.[1][2]
1981-1988: Royal Cruise Line
Under her new owners the Doric was renamed Royal Odyssey. Before entering service for Royal Cruise Line, she received a four-month refit at the Greek shipyards of Perama and Neorion, where her funnel was rebuilt, her topmost deck expanded and a bulbous bow added below the waterline.[1][2] The Royal Odyssey entered service for Royal Cruise Line on 25 May 1982,[1] used for cruises all around the world, including occasional cruises around the Pacific from Australia.[2][3][10]
In June 1988 Royal Cruise Line took delivery of the new MS Crown Odyssey.[11] The company operated with a three-ship fleet until November of the same year, when the Royal Odyssey was sold to Regency Cruises.[6]
1988-1995: Regency Cruises
The Royal Odyssey was renamed Regent Sun by Regency Cruises, and entered service for them on 9 December 1988. She continued sailing for Regency until 3 November 1995 when she was arrested at Nassau, Bahamas due to the poor financial situation of her owners. Subsequently the Regent Sun and all other Regency ships were laid up and put for sale.[1][2]
1995-2001: laid up
Following the collapse of Regency Cruises, the Regent Sun never returned to active service, despite the interest expressed by several companies in operating her. In October 1996 Royal Venture Cruises wished to charter her under the name Sun Venture for additional cruise service,[1][2][6] while in 1997 Premier Cruises expressed interest in purchasing the ship, but withdrew their offer due to her poor condition. In 1998 the ship was first sold to Tony Travel & Agency and renamed Sun, then sometime later to International Shipping Partners and renamed Sun 11, but despite these changes in ownership she remained laid up at The Bahamas. In 2000 International Shipping Partners begun rebuilding the Sun 11 into a hotel ship, with a planned new name as Canyon Ranch at Sea, but this plan too fell through, and in 2001 the Sun 11 was sold to Indian shipbreakers. While en-route to India under tow, the Sun 11 started taking in water on 25 July 2001 while outside South African territorial waters. The South African authorities forbade the ship to enter South African waters, and on 26 July she sank outside Cape St. Francis.[1]
Design
Exterior design
The Shalom was designed according to the principles of the era, with engines placed two-thirds aft and two slim funnels placed side-by side instead of the large traditional funnels. The funnel design in particular resembled SS Rotterdam of Holland America Line and SS Canberra of P&O, both of which were still under construction at the time the Shalom was being designed. Her hull and superstructure design were optimized for transatlantic traffic, with the promenade decks entirely glass-enclosed.[2]
In original livery the Shalom was almost entirely white, with an all-white hull and superstructure and white funnels with only small black bands around them, with the ZIM Lines logo between them. Originally her name and homeport were written on her hull in both Latin and Hebrew alphabet. When she entered service for German Atlantic Line, the name Hanseatic was written with large letters on her bow, arguably unbalancing her profile. In Home Lines service she received yellow funnels and a yellow radar mast, with the name written in the bow in somewhat smaller typeface.[2]
The 1982 refit radically altered the ship's profile, when the original slim funnels were replaced with a single large one, and the outer decks between the bridge and the funnel were built in. Additionally a bulbous bow was added below the waterline, improving the ship's sea-keeping abilities. During the refit the ship's livery was also altered, with the new funnel painted in blue and white, while a white decorative ribbon was added to her hull. The exact same livery was maintained as Regent Sun, with the Regency Cruises funnel symbol replacing that of Royal Cruise Line.[2]
Interior design
The public spaces onboard the Shalom were spread over two decks, originally named Rainbow and Olive Branch, which were the sixth- and seventh-highest passenger-accessible decks respectively. Facilities included a cinema, winter garden, tavern, shopping center, night club, and separate lounges for first- and tourist-class passengers. Shalom's award-winning interiors were mostly designed by Dora Gad in a bright, contemporary style.[2]
- Brillant SHALOM14 SHIPYARDS-EDMOND-LEFT 1963.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Brillant at the left and Amlan at the right, shipyards design room, Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SHALOM2.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Dry dock picture bow 1963 Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SHALOM3.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Dry dock picture bow and upper decks accommodations 1963 Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SHALOM4.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Shalom after flotation, red primer color on accommodations, shifted from shipyards to special dedication with Paula Ben Gurion the wife of David Ben Gurion prime minister of the State of Israel Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SHALOM5.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Shalom after flotation, red primer color on accommodations, shifted from shipyards to special dedication with Paula Ben Gurion the wife of David Ben Gurion prime minister of the State of Israel. Stage of ceremony near the ship’s bow Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SHALOM6.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Shalom after flotation, red primer color on accommodations, shifted from shipyards to special dedication with Paula Ben Gurion the wife of David Ben Gurion prime minister of the State of Israel . Wives of ZIM mission engineers are approaching Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant Shalom Paula BG.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship construction. Shalom after flotation, red primer color on accommodations, shifted from shipyards to special dedication with Paula Ben Gurion the wife of David Ben Gurion prime minister of the State of Israel . Paula Ben Gurion with white suite. Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant Shalom.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Invitation to commissioning cocktail party took place at March 1964.
- Brillant SHALOM12 Coctail Menue.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Commissioning cocktail party menu took place at March 1964.
- Brillant SHALOM8 COCTAIL-EDMOND HEAD-TABLE GLASSES.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Commissioning cocktail party took place at March 1964. Edmond W. Brillant, head of the table with glasses
- Brillant SHALOM11 COCTAIL-EDMOND HEAD-TABLE GLASSES.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Commissioning cocktail party took place at March 1964. Edmond W. Brillant, dark suite with glasses
- Brillant SHALOM7.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . The ship is in service after commissioning , view from bow to stern Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SS Shalom Stern.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . The ship is in service after commissioning , view from stern to bow Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France[1]
- Brillant SS-Shalom Deck-a.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Ship’s deck plan page 1
- Brillant SS-Shalom Deck-b.JPG
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Ship’s deck plan page 2
- Brillant SS-Shalom Deck-c.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Ship’s deck plan page 3
- Brillant SS-Shalom Deck-d.jpg
SS Shalom, Zim Navigation Company Flag Ship . Ship’s deck plan page 4
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 Micke Asklander. "T/S Shalom (1964)" (in Swedish). Fakta om Fartyg. http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/shalom_1964.htm. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 Renben Goossens. "Israel’s Flagship - SS Shalom". Zim Israel Navigation Co. ss Maritime. http://www.ssmaritime.com/ZIM-3.htm. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Miller, William H. Jr. (1995). The Pictorial Encycpedia of Ocean Liners, 1860-1994. Mineola: Dover Publications. pp. 118. ISBN 0-486-28437-X.
- ↑ "Edmond Wilhelm Brillant". Hebrew Wikipedia. 2009. http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98. Retrieved April-09-2009.
- ↑ Ward, Douglas (2006). The Complete Guide to Cruising and Cruise Ships. Singapore: Berlitz. pp. 23. ISBN 981-246-739-4.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ian Boyle. "Shalom". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/Shalom_Doric.html. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Ian Boyle. "Hamburg Atlantik Line / Deutsche Atlantik Line / Hanseatic Tours". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/HamburgAtlantik.html. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ Ian Boyle. "Home Lines". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/HomeLinePCs.html. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ Micke Asklander. "M/S Atlantic (1982)" (in Swedish). Fakta om Fartyg. http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/atlantic_1982.htm. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ Ian Boyle. "Royal Cruise Line". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/RoyalCruiseLine.html. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ↑ Micke Asklander. "M/S Crown Odyssey (1988)" (in Swedish). Fakta om Fartyg. http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/crown_odyssey_1988.htm. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
