USS Serpens (AK-97)

For other ships of the same name, see USS Serpens.

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Career
Name:	USS Serpens
Namesake:	Serpens
Builder:	California Shipbuilding Corporation, Wilmington, California
Laid down:	10 March 1943
Launched:	5 April 1943
Sponsored by:	Mrs. H.P. Needham
Acquired:	19 April 1943
Commissioned:	28 May 1943
Honors and awards:	1 battle star (World War II)
Fate:	Destroyed by explosion, 29 January 1945
General characteristics
Class and type:	Crater-class cargo ship
Displacement:	14,250 long tons (14,479 t) full
Length:	441 ft 6 in (134.57 m)
Beam:	56 ft 11 in (17.35 m)
Draft:	27 ft 7 in (8.41 m)
Speed:	11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph)
Complement:	206 officers and enlisted
Armament:	• 1 × 5"/38 caliber gun • 1 × 3"/50 caliber gun

USS Serpens (AK-97) was a United States Coast Guard-manned Crater-class cargo ship in the service of the United States Navy in World War II. It was the first ship of the Navy to have this name. It is named after Serpens, a constellation in the northern hemisphere.

Serpens was laid down on 10 March 1943 as the liberty ship SS Benjamin N. Cardozo (MCE hull 739) by California Shipbuilding Corporation, Wilmington, California, under a Maritime Commission contract; launched on 5 April 1943, sponsored by Mrs. H.P. Needham; transferred to the Navy on 19 April 1943, renamed Serpens and designated AK-97; and commissioned at San Diego on 28 May 1943, Lt. Comdr. M.J. Johnson, USCGR, in command.

Service history

World War II, 1943–1944

Following shakedown off florida, Serpens loaded general cargo at Alameda and, on 24 June, sailed west to assume provision ship duties in support of operations in the Solomons. By mid-July, she was in the Tonga Islands. At the end of the month, she was en route from New Caledonia to New Zealand; and, by mid-August, she had emptied her holds at Wellington. She then took on more cargo; returned to New Caledonia; and commenced a series of short hauls to Vitu Levu, Tutuila, Penrhyn, Bora Bora, Aitutaki, and Tongatapu.

On 9 November, Serpens returned to New Caledonia. In early December, she moved into the southern Solomons; and, after completing a Florida Island-Banika Island run, she stood off Lunga Point, Guadalcanal, to load cargo for Bougainville. During January 1944, she completed two runs into Empress Augusta Bay. In February, she was ordered back to New Zealand for dry-docking before loading dry provisions.

For the next four months, Serpens delivered consignments to bases in the New Hebrides and the Solomons, returning to New Zealand to reload only once. In July, she was at Purvis Bay for the installation of SF-1 radar. She then resumed operations and, through October, carried general cargo and rolling stock between ports and anchorages in the Solomons. In mid-November, she loaded repairable vehicles from the Russells and from Guadalcanal and sailed for New Zealand where, after offloading, three of her holds were converted for ammunition stowage.

Destruction, 29 January 1945

Late in December 1944, the Liberty ship commenced loading at Wellington, finished it at Auckland, and returned to the Solomons in mid-January 1945. Late in the evening on 29 January 1945, Serpens was anchored off Lunga Beach. The commanding officer and seven others, one officer and six enlisted men, were ashore. The remaining 198 members of Serpens crew and 57 members of an Army stevedore unit were on board the ship, loading depth charges into her holds. During the loading, Serpens exploded. The force of the explosion was so great that it killed an Army soldier who was ashore. After the explosion, only the bow of the ship was visible. The rest had disintegrated, and the bow sank soon afterward. Only two sailors aboard survived the incident. The cause of the explosion was never completely determined. The loss of the Serpens remains the largest single disaster ever suffered by the U.S. Coast Guard.

Awards

Serpens earned one battle star for her World War II service. A mass grave for 250 of her dead was dedicated at Arlington National Cemetery in 1950.

References

• This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
• Atkinson, Rick; National Geographic Society (2007). Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. ISBN 1426200897. OCLC 76820769. 

External links

• Photo gallery of USS Serpens at NavSource Naval History
• The USS Serpens Commemorative Website
• USS Serpens Photo Gallery